一、概念
1.rpm是什么？在帮助文档里我们可以看到，rpm的名字是rpm package manage 从名字上看就可以知道rpm就是一个包管理工具。简单说rpm包就是把一些程序编译成二进制，和一些配置文件以及帮助文档等一些程序所依赖库打包在一起，这样形成的一个包。rpm大大的简化用户在Linux上安装软件的复杂度。
2.rpm仓库是什么？从字面理解仓库，就是集中存放东西的地方叫仓库，同样rpm仓库就是集中存放rpm包的一个地方。这里说的‘地方’就是服务器。把很多rpm包放在一个特定的服务器的特定目录里，在由特定的方式，比如http、https、ftp、file、这些协议来提供给其他服务器下载rpm包的服务器，我们把这样的服务器称为rpm仓库服务器。
3.yum是什么？yum是Yellowdog Updater Modified 的缩写，翻译过来就是Yellowdog 更新修改，恩这个翻译完全没有搞懂到底是什么意思，查下百度百科吧！yum是一个在Fedora和Redhat以及CentOS中的shell前端软件包管理器。基于rpm包管理，能够从指定的服务器自动下载rpm包并且安装，可以自动处理包依赖性关系，并且一次安装所有所依赖的软件包，无需频繁的一次次下载安装。看了百度的解释，我们应该知道yum是什么了吧！简单说就是基于rpm包的前端管理工具，它可以帮我们解决包和包的依赖关系。
4.yum的工作机制。yum是c/s架构的工作机制，服务端提供rpm仓库，客户端根据服务端提供的仓库，通过特定协议去服务端下载所需要的包来进行安装，第一次去服务端服务器，它会把服务端的仓库元数据缓存到本地，这样就不需要每次下载都去服务端查询。所谓仓库的元数据就是记录着该仓库有哪些包，包名，包与包的依赖关系等一些数据。每次要装包的时候，yum会去看看本地缓存的元数据，有没有需要�.x86_64.rpm .
说明： 上传了4个包，在/rpm/centos/6/os/x86_64/ 放了samba-3.6.23-41.el6.x86_64.rpm和vsftpd-2.2.2-24.el6.x86_64.rpm两个包，在/rpm/centos/7/os/x86_64放了samba-4.6.2-8.el7.x86_64.rpm和tomcat-7.0.76-2.el7.noarch.rpm两个包，本人先是把包传到服务器，然后移动到相应的目录里
3.创建元数据
首先要检查自己的服务器有没有装createrepo这个工具
[root@test x86_64]$rpm -q createrepo
package createrepo is not installed
如果没有就安装
[root@test x86_64]$yum install -y createrepo
创建仓库元数据
[root@test ~]$createrepo /rpm/centos/6/os/x86_64/ Spawning worker 0 with 2 pkgs
Workers Finished
Gathering worker results
Saving Primary metadata
Saving file lists metadata
Saving other metadata
Generating sqlite DBs
Sqlite DBs complete
[root@test ~]$createrepo /rpm/centos/7/os/x86_64/ Spawning worker 0 with 2 pkgs
Workers Finished
Gathering worker results
Saving Primary metadata
Saving file lists metadata
Saving other metadata
Generating sqlite DBs
Sqlite DBs complete
[root@test ~]$ll /rpm/centos/6/os/x86_64/ total 5368 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 8 16:18 repodata -rw-r--r--+ 1 root root 5331428 Sep 8 16:02 samba-3.6.23-41.el6.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r--+ 1 root root 159332 Sep 8 16:02 vsftpd-2.2.2-24.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@test ~]$ll /rpm/centos/7/os/x86_64/ total 732 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 8 16:18 repodata -rw-r--r--+ 1 root root 647996 Sep 8 16:04 samba-4.6.2-8.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r--+ 1 root root 91820 Sep 8 16:04 tomcat-7.0.76-2.el7.noarch.rpm
说明：可以看到在两个仓库下各自生成了一个repodata的目录，这里说一下，要确定仓库的路径就是要看repodata这个目录的父目录是什么，repodata目录所在的父目录就是仓库的路径。
4.在客户端编写repo配置文件
[root@test ~]$cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ [root@test yum.repos.d]$ls CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo epel.repo epel-testing.repo
[root@test yum.repos.d]$mkdir repo_bak
[root@test yum.repos.d]$mv *.repo repo_bak
[root@test yum.repos.d]$ls repo_bak
说明：本人采用的是客户端服务端在同一台设备上，为了其他不受其他repo配置文件的干扰，我们把以前的repo文件全部移动到另外一个备份目录里，然后在/etc/yum.repo.d/ 下创建一个repo文件，
[my_base]
name=this is test repo
baseurl=file:///rpm/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch gpgcheck=0
说明：创建一个.repo的文件，将以上内容添加到该文件，说一下这个问文件的内容，第一个中括号里表示仓库的名字，通常这个名字可以顺便起，一般不建议里面带空格，name=表示仓库的简要说明，baseurl= 表示仓库的路径，也就是repodata所在的目录的父目录，gpgcheck=0表示不检查包的gpg验证，当然等于1表示要验证。添加以上内容我们客户端就可以根据以上定义的baseurl去服务器仓库里找相应的包。
5.在客户端清除yum缓存，查看仓库列表
[root@test yum.repos.d]$yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Cleaning repos: my_base
Cleaning up Everything
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
[root@test yum.repos.d]$yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Determining fastest mirrors
my_base | 2.9 kB 00:00 ...
my_base/primary_db | 6.0 kB 00:00 ...
repo id repo name status
my_base this is test repo 2 repolist: 2
说明：可以看出我们刚才配置的参考信息，repo id 就是我们刚才在repo文件中写的，也可看出里面有2个包。看到以上信息就表示我们仓库在客户端配置上成功的。
6.装包验证
[root@test yum.repos.d]$yum install vsftpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Setting up Install Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package vsftpd.x86_64 0:2.2.2-24.el6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved =================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size =================================================================================================================================== Installing:
vsftpd x86_64 2.2.2-24.el6 my_base 156 k
Transaction Summary =================================================================================================================================== Install 1 Package(s)
Total download size: 156 k
Installed size: 340 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : vsftpd-2.2.2-24.el6.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : vsftpd-2.2.2-24.el6.x86_64 1/1 Installed:
vsftpd.x86_64 0:2.2.2-24.el6
Complete!
说明：本人以两个包作为例子来演示搭建rpm的过程，可能装这个包还有其他依赖包，但是由于仓库里面没有其他依赖，可能会出现报错的情况。
以上就是本地搭建repo仓库的过程。
下面我在说下搭建网络rpm仓库
1.先安装httpd web服务器
[root@test yum.repos.d]$yum install httpd -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Setting up Install Process
Determining fastest mirrors * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base | 3.7 kB 00:00 base/primary_db | 4.7 MB 00:00 epel | 5.3 kB 00:00 epel/primary_db | 6.1 MB 00:00 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00 extras/primary_db | 29 kB 00:00 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00 updates/primary_db | 5.7 MB 00:00 Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.2.15-69.el6.centos will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved =================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size =================================================================================================================================== Installing:
httpd x86_64 2.2.15-69.el6.centos base 836 k
Transaction Summary =================================================================================================================================== Install 1 Package(s)
Total download size: 836 k
Installed size: 3.0 M
Downloading Packages:
httpd-2.2.15-69.el6.centos.x86_64.rpm | 836 kB 00:00 Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : httpd-2.2.15-69.el6.centos.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : httpd-2.2.15-69.el6.centos.x86_64 1/1 Installed:
httpd.x86_64 0:2.2.15-69.el6.centos
Complete!
说明：httpd默认工作路径在/var/www/html/ 下，也就是放html网页代码的地方。
2.在httpd 的工作路径下 创建目录结构
[root@test ~]$mkdir -pv /var/www/html/centos/{6,7}/os/x86_64 mkdir: created directory `/var/www/html/centos' mkdir: created directory `/var/www/html/centos/6' mkdir: created directory `/var/www/html/centos/6/os' mkdir: created directory `/var/www/html/centos/6/os/x86_64' mkdir: created directory `/var/www/html/centos/7' mkdir: created directory `/var/www/html/centos/7/os' mkdir: created directory `/var/www/html/centos/7/os/x86_64'
3.挂载安装光盘到相应的位置
[root@test ~]$mount /dev/sr0 /var/www/html/centos/6/os/x86_64/ mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
说明：我这里只挂载了6的一个安装光盘，7下面的目录也可以用同样的方式挂载7的安装光盘，这里用6作为演示。这里还要说一下安装光盘本身就就有repodata目录，我们这里就不需要在创建元数据信息。
4.开启httpd
[root@test ~]$/etc/init.d/httpd start
Starting httpd: httpd: apr_sockaddr_info_get() failed for test
httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName [ OK ]
5.客户端配置repo文件
[my_base]
name=this is test repo
baseurl=http://127.0.0.1/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch gpgcheck=0
说明：这里只需要把路径改成以http的方式去获取，当然为了不让其他yum源影响本次实验，我们也要把其他的repo文件放在一个备份目录。
6.客户端清除yum缓存，并查看仓库列表
[root@test x86_64]$yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Cleaning repos: my_base
Cleaning up Everything
[root@test x86_64]$yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Determining fastest mirrors
my_base | 4.0 kB 00:00 my_base/primary_db | 4.6 MB 00:00 repo id repo name status
my_base this is test repo 6,575 repolist: 6,575
说明：可以看出刚才搭建的仓库成功的在仓库列表中了
7.安装一个包，验证仓库
[root@test ~]$yum install java -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Setting up Install Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 1:1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless = 1:1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6 for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: xorg-x11-fonts-Type1 for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libjvm.so(SUNWprivate_1.1)(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libjli.so(SUNWprivate_1.1)(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libjava.so(SUNWprivate_1.1)(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libjli.so()(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libjava.so()(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libgif.so.4()(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libawt.so()(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package giflib.x86_64 0:4.1.6-3.1.el6 will be installed ---> Package java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless.x86_64 1:1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: tzdata-java >= 2014f-1 for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: jpackage-utils for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64 ---> Package xorg-x11-fonts-Type1.noarch 0:7.2-11.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: ttmkfdir for package: xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch --> Processing Dependency: ttmkfdir for package: xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch --> Processing Dependency: mkfontdir for package: xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch --> Processing Dependency: mkfontdir for package: xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch --> Running transaction check ---> Package jpackage-utils.noarch 0:1.7.5-3.14.el6 will be installed ---> Package ttmkfdir.x86_64 0:3.0.9-32.1.el6 will be installed ---> Package tzdata-java.noarch 0:2015e-1.el6 will be installed ---> Package xorg-x11-font-utils.x86_64 1:7.2-11.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libfontenc.so.1()(64bit) for package: 1:xorg-x11-font-utils-7.2-11.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libXfont.so.1()(64bit) for package: 1:xorg-x11-font-utils-7.2-11.el6.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package libXfont.x86_64 0:1.4.5-4.el6_6 will be installed ---> Package libfontenc.x86_64 0:1.0.5-2.el6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved =========================================================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size =========================================================================================================================================================================== Installing:
java-1.8.0-openjdk x86_64 1:1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6 my_base 188 k
Installing for dependencies:
giflib x86_64 4.1.6-3.1.el6 my_base 37 k
java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless x86_64 1:1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6 my_base 32 M
jpackage-utils noarch 1.7.5-3.14.el6 my_base 60 k
libXfont x86_64 1.4.5-4.el6_6 my_base 137 k
libfontenc x86_64 1.0.5-2.el6 my_base 24 k
ttmkfdir x86_64 3.0.9-32.1.el6 my_base 43 k
tzdata-java noarch 2015e-1.el6 my_base 176 k
xorg-x11-font-utils x86_64 1:7.2-11.el6 my_base 75 k
xorg-x11-fonts-Type1 noarch 7.2-11.el6 my_base 520 k
Transaction Summary =========================================================================================================================================================================== Install 10 Package(s)
Total download size: 33 M
Installed size: 104 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/10): ttmkfdir-3.0.9-32.1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 43 kB 00:00 (2/10): java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64.rpm | 188 kB 00:00 (3/10): jpackage-utils-1.7.5-3.14.el6.noarch.rpm | 60 kB 00:00 (4/10): tzdata-java-2015e-1.el6.noarch.rpm | 176 kB 00:00 (5/10): java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64.rpm | 32 MB 00:00 (6/10): xorg-x11-font-utils-7.2-11.el6.x86_64.rpm | 75 kB 00:00 (7/10): libXfont-1.4.5-4.el6_6.x86_64.rpm | 137 kB 00:00 (8/10): xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch.rpm | 520 kB 00:00 (9/10): giflib-4.1.6-3.1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 37 kB 00:00 (10/10): libfontenc-1.0.5-2.el6.x86_64.rpm | 24 kB 00:00 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 33 MB/s | 33 MB 00:01 Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : libfontenc-1.0.5-2.el6.x86_64 1/10 Installing : libXfont-1.4.5-4.el6_6.x86_64 2/10 Installing : 1:xorg-x11-font-utils-7.2-11.el6.x86_64 3/10 Installing : giflib-4.1.6-3.1.el6.x86_64 4/10 Installing : tzdata-java-2015e-1.el6.noarch 5/10 Installing : jpackage-utils-1.7.5-3.14.el6.noarch 6/10 Installing : 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64 7/10 Installing : ttmkfdir-3.0.9-32.1.el6.x86_64 8/10 Installing : xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch 9/10 Installing : 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64 10/10 Verifying : ttmkfdir-3.0.9-32.1.el6.x86_64 1/10 Verifying : 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64 2/10 Verifying : jpackage-utils-1.7.5-3.14.el6.noarch 3/10 Verifying : tzdata-java-2015e-1.el6.noarch 4/10 Verifying : 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64 5/10 Verifying : 1:xorg-x11-font-utils-7.2-11.el6.x86_64 6/10 Verifying : libXfont-1.4.5-4.el6_6.x86_64 7/10 Verifying : xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch 8/10 Verifying : giflib-4.1.6-3.1.el6.x86_64 9/10 Verifying : libfontenc-1.0.5-2.el6.x86_64 10/10 Installed:
java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 1:1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6
Dependency Installed:
giflib.x86_64 0:4.1.6-3.1.el6 java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless.x86_64 1:1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6 jpackage-utils.noarch 0:1.7.5-3.14.el6
libXfont.x86_64 0:1.4.5-4.el6_6 libfontenc.x86_64 0:1.0.5-2.el6 ttmkfdir.x86_64 0:3.0.9-32.1.el6
tzdata-java.noarch 0:2015e-1.el6 xorg-x11-font-utils.x86_64 1:7.2-11.el6 xorg-x11-fonts-Type1.noarch 0:7.2-11.el6
Complete!
到此网络rpm仓库就搭建完毕！！
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